The 2C family of drugs, synthesized primarily by Alexander Shulgin, encompasses a range of psychedelic phenethylamines (a class of psychoactive chemicals that includes MDMA and mescaline). While 2C-B is perhaps the most well-known of this family, several other 2C compounds have gained attention, both in research and recreational contexts. Some of the more commonly known 2C drugs include 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-P, and 2C-C.^(1, 2)

Explore Our Curated Psychedelic Guides to Learn More About Psychedelics Like LSD, Psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, Ayahuasca, and Mescaline.

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Alexander Shulgin, The “Father of Phenethylamines”

Alexander Shulgin, often referred to as “Sasha” by those who knew him, was a pioneering American chemist and pharmacologist whose work has left an indelible mark on the world of psychoactive substances. Born in 1925 in Berkeley, California, Shulgin’s early interest in chemistry was ignited by a childhood experience with a chemistry set. This passion would guide him through a career that spanned decades, during which he synthesized and bioassayed (a method of measuring potency) hundreds of psychoactive compounds.⁽¹⁾

Shulgin’s professional journey began in the mainstream pharmaceutical industry. He earned a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley, and subsequently worked for Dow Chemicals, where he developed the first biodegradable pesticide, Zectran. However, after a transformative experience with mescaline in the late 1950s, Shulgin’s focus shifted toward psychoactive compounds, leading him to explore the vast landscape of phenethylamines and tryptamines(two families of psychedelic compounds).⁽¹⁾

In his personal laboratory, located adjacent to his home, Shulgin synthesized and tested many novel compounds. His method was unique: after synthesizing a new substance, he would test it on himself, starting with minuscule doses and gradually increasing the amount to determine its psychoactive properties and safety profile. This self-experimentation was not just a scientific endeavor; for Shulgin, it was a deeply personal journey of exploration and discovery.⁽¹⁾

Among his most notable contributions is the discovery and popularization of the 2C family of psychedelics, which includes compounds like 2C-B, 2C-E, and 2C-I. These phenethylamines, characterized by their distinct effects ranging from deep introspection to vibrant visuals, owe their discovery and documentation to Shulgin’s meticulous work. An observational study titled Acute Pharmacological Effects of 2C-B in Humans has also described their effects.^{(1, 2, 3, 4)}

Shulgin’s legacy is not limited to his chemical creations. Alongside his wife, Ann Shulgin, he co-authored two seminal books, “PiHKAL” (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved) and “TiHKAL” (Tryptamines I Have Known And Loved). These works, part autobiography, and part pharmacological manual provide detailed syntheses, dosages, and subjective effects of numerous compounds, serving as invaluable resources for researchers and enthusiasts alike.⁽¹⁾

What are Phenethylamines?

Phenethylamines are a diverse class of organic compounds with a common chemical structure derived from phenethylamine. Some, like 2Cs, are a class of psychedelics. This class of organic compounds share similarities in their structure and typically have a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. Their sensitivity to dose is notable, where even slight increases can amplify the experience exponentially. This characteristic makes the journey unpredictable, as a small misstep in dosing can lead to an overwhelming voyage. And like any psychedelic journey, there are potential pitfalls.^(5, 6)

Phenethylamine adverse side effects may include:

Other self-reported effects may include:

The mental landscape can also shift towards anxiety or challenging emotional experiences.^(2, 3)

What is 2C-B?

2C-B, chemically known as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychoactive compound that belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines. It is often anecdotally described as exhibiting properties of both classical psychedelics and empathogens or entactogens. The compound is typically ingested orally in tablet or powder form and has been used recreationally and in therapeutic settings.^{(1, 4, 5, 6, 7)}

2C-B primarily affects the serotonin receptors in the brain, which influence mood, emotion, and perception. By interacting with these receptors, 2C-B alters the usual patterns of serotonin transmission. Observational studies have shown users reported effects such as mood, perception, and cognition changes. While its subjective effects share some similarities with other psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin, 2C-B is noted in PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story for its unique blend of visual, empathogenic, and euphoric effects.^{(1, 4, 5, 6, 7)}

The effects of 2C-B can vary based on dosage, individual physiology, and set and setting. While not thoroughly researched, anecdotal and user reports suggest that 2C-B may bring on mild euphoria, enhanced tactile sensations, and increased sociability at lower doses. As the dose increases, the psychedelic effects become more pronounced, leading to visual distortions, enhanced colors, and altered thought patterns. Some users describe the experience as more “grounded” than other psychedelics, with a clearer sense of reality. However, like some psychoactive substances, 2C-B can also cause negative effects, including anxiety, paranoia, and physical discomfort. It’s worth noting that individual reactions can vary widely, and not everyone will experience the same effects from the drug.^{(1, 4, 5, 6)}

What is 2C-E?

2C-E, chemically recognized as 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a notable member of the 2C family of psychedelic phenethylamines synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. Distinct from its relative 2C-B, 2C-E is often characterized by its deeper, more intense experience, setting it apart in the realm of phenethylamine experiences.^(1, 8, 9)

Interacting primarily with the serotonin receptors in the brain, 2C-E may engender many mood, perception, and cognition changes. According to one observational study, 2C-E often occasions vivid visual and auditory hallucinations paired with profound introspective journeys. Many users have described experiences of heightened empathy, a deeper connection to nature, and breakthrough insights about their personal lives. Its duration is more extended than some of its 2C siblings, often unfolding over six to 10 hours.^{(1, 8, 9, 10)}

2C-E, like many psychedelics, can have both positive and negative effects. On the positive side, many users have reported transformative experiences, leading to personal growth, enhanced creativity, and a renewed sense of purpose. Its potential therapeutic benefits, such as fostering a sense of unity, have also been explored, albeit in limited capacities. However, the depth and intensity of 2C-E also comes with potential challenges.

Some individuals may experience the following:

Physically, side effects can include:

Given this spectrum of effects, individuals must approach 2C-E with informed respect and caution, ensuring a safe setting and, ideally, having prior experience with psychedelics.^{(1, 7, 8, 9, 10)}

What is 2C-I?

While 2C-E offers a deep introspection, another member of the 2C family, 2C-I, presents a unique tapestry of effects. Chemically known as 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, 2C-I is yet another brainchild of Alexander Shulgin.^(1, 11)

2C-I, in its interaction with the brain’s serotonin receptors, tends to produce both psychedelic and stimulant effects depending on the dose. PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story describes 2C-I’s effects as a vibrant enhancement of the visual and auditory senses, with colors becoming more vivid and sound taking on a richer texture. Many users anecdotally recount feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and a heightened curiosity about the world around them. This sense of wonder and exploration can, according to the Shulgins, make 2C-I experiences feel more “playful” or “adventurous” compared to the profound introspection often associated with 2C-E.^{(1, 11, 12)}

The journey with 2C-I may be marked by what some users feel is its potential to foster creativity, joy, and a renewed appreciation for one’s surroundings. Its stimulant properties may also lead to bouts of laughter, dancing, or a desire for social interaction. However, as with all psychedelics, your experience may differ from that of others. Some users might find the stimulating effects to verge on restlessness or overstimulation.

Physically, potential side effects can include:

As always, when considering an experience with 2C-I, it’s essential to be well-informed, to ensure a supportive environment, and to respect the compound’s potency and potential unpredictability.^{(1, 11, 12)}

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Other Notable Phenethylamines

The 2C family boasts a variety of compounds, each with its unique characteristics and effects. Beyond the more commonly discussed 2C-B, 2C-E, and 2C-I, several other members of this family have become notable in both recreational and research contexts.^(1, 13)

2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7: These two compounds, distinguished by their thioether group (organic sulfide molecules), offer experiences that diverge from the typical 2C profile. As described by Alexander Shulgin in PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, these compounds may exhibit both psychedelic and empathogenic (increased feelings of empathy) effects. 2C-T-7, in particular, has been noted for its long duration compared to 2C-B, and intense visual effects. However, it’s worth noting that these compounds have also been associated with a higher risk of adverse reactions, making them subjects of caution and respect.^{(1, 13, 14)}

2C-P: Known for its extended duration vs. 2C-B, 2C-P can offer experiences that last up to 12 hours or more. Its potency is also notable, with small doses potentially leading to profound effects. Users must be prepared for a potentially demanding experience due to its duration and intensity.^{(1, 13, 14)}

2C-C: Compared to other members of its class, 2C-C may require a higher dosage to achieve effects. According to PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, 2C-C offers a gentler and more introspective experience. Its shorter duration, lasting just two to four hours, and less intense visual effects, compared to 2C-P, may make it a choice for those seeking a less overwhelming psychedelic journey. However, its subtlety may not diminish its insight and emotional exploration potential.^{(1, 13, 14)}

2C-D: Sometimes referred to as a “psychedelic tofu” because of its adaptability, 2C-D is unique. As described by Shulgin, it can either be mild on its own or act to enhance and modify the effects of other psychedelics when combined. Its versatility has made it a subject of interest for psychonauts and researchers alike, exploring its potential in various therapeutic and recreational settings.^{(1, 13, 14, 15, 16)}

The 2C family of phenethylamines offers diverse experiences, from the deeply introspective to the vibrantly visual. As with all such psychedelic substances, understanding, respect, and caution are paramount when navigating their effects

What is Tucibi?

Tucibi sometimes spelled Tuci or Tusi, is a new designer drug that is easily and often incorrectly conflated with 2C-B and other 2C compounds. However, Tucibi rarely contains any 2C-B. Or other 2Cs at all. More often than not, it contains a mixture of drugs like MDMA, LSD, methamphetamine, ketamine, cocaine, fentanyl, and occasionally heroin.⁽¹⁷⁾

If you or someone you know is offered or acquires a drug being sold as Tuci, Tusi, or “pink cocaine,” you should be cautious. Due to its recent emergence, statistics on injuries and related deaths are limited. Nonetheless, you should never consume Tusi without proper testing, as mixing drugs, especially in unknown quantities, can be dangerous. If fentanyl is involved, the consequences could be deadly.⁽¹⁷⁾

According to Insightcrime.org, some individuals may be able to access a version of Tuci that is more pure and has less of a risk of opioid contamination. Regardless of where your drugs are sourced, it is always important to test them before dosing.

Why and When Did Ann and Alexander Shulgin First Discover 2C-B? Read Our Dedicated Article to Learn More About the 2C-B and the Shulgins.

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Is 2C-B Legal?

The legal trajectory of 2C-B has been shaped by a combination of its increasing popularity, concerns over its psychoactive effects, and broader drug policy trends. 2C-B initially remained relatively obscure in recreational and research circles. However, by the late 1980s and early 1990s, its use began to gain traction, especially within the rave and club scenes. Its effects, often anecdotally described as a blend between LSD and MDMA, made it particularly appealing to users seeking a unique psychedelic experience.^{(18, 19, 20)}

As its popularity grew, so did concerns from regulatory bodies. The primary apprehension was its potential for abuse and the lack of comprehensive research regarding its long-term effects. In the United States, these concerns culminated in the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classifying 2C-B as a Schedule I substance in 1995. Schedule I classification implies that the substance is considered to have a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision. This categorization effectively criminalized the possession, distribution, and manufacture of 2C-B. ^{(18, 19, 20)}

The decision to place 2C-B on the Schedule I list was not solely based on the compound’s intrinsic properties. The 1990s saw a broader crackdown on rave culture and its associated substances. For instance, the RAVE Act (Reducing Americans’ Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act) of 2003 targeted MDMA but also had implications for other substances like 2C-B that were prevalent in similar settings. The overarching goal was to curb the use of drugs that were perceived to be gaining popularity among young adults and club-goers.⁽²¹⁾

Internationally, the legal status of 2C-B varies, but many countries have followed suit in criminalizing its possession and distribution. The United Nations has yet to specifically schedule 2C-B, limiting its regulation to individual countries. However, due to concerns similar to those in the U.S., many nations have placed restrictions or outright bans on the substance.⁽²¹⁾

In the United States, all 2C drugs are illegal under the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012, which prohibits its possession, distribution, and manufacture.

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Contraindications for 2C Compounds and Serotonergic Psychedelics

Like many serotonergic psychedelics, the 2C family of drugs may interact with various substances and conditions, potentially leading to harmful effects. While research on the 2C family is limited compared to more well-known substances like LSD or psilocybin, certain contraindications can be inferred based on their mechanism of action and anecdotal reports. It’s crucial to approach these compounds cautiously and be aware of potential risks, especially concerning possible interactions with other drugs.^(22, 23)

Interaction with Medications and Other Drugs .^(22, 23)

SSRIs and MAOIs:

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) can interact with serotonergic psychedelics. Combining them can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition.

Stimulants:

2C compounds share some similarities with other stimulants, like amphetamines or cocaine, which, if combined, can increase the risk of cardiovascular issues, such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure.

Other Psychedelics:

Combining 2C drugs with other psychedelics can lead to unpredictable effects and may intensify the experience beyond what is expected or desired.

Cannabis:

Combining cannabis with 2C drugs can lead to a more intense psychedelic experience than desired. This may increase the risk of anxiety or an adverse psychedelic experience (aka a bad trip).

Tramadol:

If used with 2C-B, Tramadol may lower the seizure threshold, increasing the risk for predisposed individuals.

Physical Health Considerations

People with certain health conditions should exercise caution or avoid 2C compounds altogether. ^(22, 23)

These conditions include: ^(22, 23)

Mental Health Considerations:

While many psychonauts seek out psychedelics for introspection and personal growth, those with certain mental health conditions might face increased risks. ⁽²⁵⁾

Negative emotions can be magnified during the trip or if you are feeling mentally unstable or undergoing significant stress. Understanding potential contraindications and interactions is essential for ensuring a safe and beneficial journey. Always consult with healthcare professionals when considering using any psychoactive substance, especially when other medications or health conditions are involved.^{(22, 23, 24, 25)}

The Importance of Set and Setting

The concept of “set and setting” is foundational in the realm of psychedelic experiences and is often emphasized by researchers, therapists, and experienced users alike. It refers to the internal and external environments that frame a psychedelic journey, both of which may profoundly influence the nature and outcome of the experience.^(26, 27)

Some key points about set and setting include:

“Set” pertains to the internal mindset of the individual embarking on the psychedelic journey. This encompasses one’s emotional state, expectations, intentions, and overall mental health. An individual feeling optimistic, open, and curious might have a vastly different experience than someone anxious, fearful, or harboring unresolved traumas. The intentions going into the experience, whether for personal growth, healing, or simple curiosity, can also guide the trajectory of the trip. Thus, ensuring a positive and stable mindset is crucial, as substances like the 2C drugs can magnify unresolved emotions or psychological issues.^(26, 27)

“Setting,” on the other hand, refers to the physical and social environment where the psychedelic experience occurs. This includes the location, comfort level, the presence (or absence) of other people, and the overall ambiance. A familiar, comfortable, and safe environment can provide a grounding anchor during the intense moments of a trip. The presence of a trusted friend or a trained guide can also be invaluable, offering reassurance and guidance if the experience becomes challenging. Conversely, an unfamiliar or chaotic environment can lead to feelings of paranoia, anxiety, or disorientation.^(26, 27)

The importance of set and setting regarding psychedelics like the 2C family cannot be overstated. These compounds have the potential to offer profound insights, healing, and transformative experiences, but they also come with risks. Ensuring a positive mindset and a conducive environment is paramount in navigating the 2C experience and maximizing the benefits while minimizing potential challenges.^(26, 27)

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Clinical Research Involving 2C-B

Unfortunately, 2C-B and the 2C family in general, are among the least researched psychedelics. As of 2023, there has only been one clinical trial involving 2C-B. The study, conducted by Maastricht University, compared the acute effects of 2C-B with psilocybin and a placebo. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study (meaning neither participants nor administrators knew whether someone had received a placebo or the active drug) involved 22 healthy, psychedelic-experienced participants.⁽²⁸⁾

It evaluated the immediate subjective, cognitive, and cardiovascular effects of 20 mg of 2C-B compared to 15 mg of psilocybin and a placebo. The study found that 2C-B elicited alterations in waking consciousness of a psychedelic nature, with dysphoria (a state of unease), subjective impairment, auditory alterations, and affective elements of ego dissolution being more pronounced under psilocybin.⁽²⁸⁾

Both compounds showed similar effects in terms of psychomotor (conscious movement) slowing and spatial memory impairments, but neither produced empathogenic effects. The duration of self-reported effects of 2C-B was shorter than that of psilocybin, resolving largely within six hours, and was categorized as a subjectively “lighter” psychedelic​ experience when compared to psilocybin.⁽²⁸⁾

What to Expect During a 2C-B Trip

Embarking on a psychedelic journey with 2C-B can be an adventure of sensory enhancement and emotional exploration. One of the most prominent features of a 2C-B trip is the visual spectacle it may present. Users frequently report a vivid intensification of colors, with the world taking on a kaleidoscopic quality. Patterns may seem to dance, and ordinary objects can transform into intricate, mesmerizing artworks.

These visual alterations are often anecdotally described as less intense than those induced by LSD or psilocybin, but they carry their unique beauty and charm.⁽¹⁾

2C-B unique effects may include changes to:

Another aspect of the 2C-B experience is its profound enhancement of auditory sensations. Music, in particular, reportedly becomes a multi-dimensional journey. Every note, beat, and lyric can resonate deeply, allowing the listener to experience songs as if for the first time. This heightened appreciation can make the music feel enveloping, with some users describing it as being “wrapped” in the melodies and rhythms, leading to profound emotional and introspective moments.⁽¹⁾

Touch, too, becomes a focal point of the 2C-B experience. The world feels more tactile, and sensations on the skin can be magnified. This heightened sensitivity often translates to a deeper sense of connection during physical interactions, making hugs, massages, or even a gentle breeze feel incredibly soothing and intimate. Alongside this, many users note an increased libido, with the compound often enhancing sexual experiences by making them feel more emotionally connected and physically pleasurable.^(1, 29)

However, 2C-B, like all psychedelics, can offer the potential for challenging moments. One’s mindset and environment can influence the experience, so it’s crucial to ensure a comfortable setting and to be with trusted individuals, preferably not alone.

Can a Bad Trip Lead to Good Things? Read How One Man’s Worst Psychedelic Experience Was the One He Needed Most

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The 2C-B Trip Timeline

A 2C-B trip, like other psychedelic experiences, follows a general timeline. However, the exact duration and intensity can vary based on several factors, such as dosage, individual metabolism, and the method of ingestion. This is a general outline of the 2C-B trip timeline created using anecdotal reports:^(1, 30)

It’s important to note that these timelines are approximate and can vary widely from person to person. Factors like the individual’s body chemistry, the environment in which 2C-B is taken, and the dosage play significant roles in shaping the experience. Users should approach 2C-B cautiously, particularly regarding dosage and setting, to ensure a safe and positive experience.^(1, 30)

Integrating Your 2C-B Experience

Integration after using psychedelics is crucial because these substances often induce profound and complex experiences that can be challenging to comprehend and assimilate into one’s everyday life. During a psychedelic experience, individuals might encounter intense emotional revelations, altered perceptions, or even spiritual or existential insights. Without proper integration, these experiences can remain confusing, overwhelming, or isolated from one’s daily reality. Integration helps process and understand these experiences, allowing individuals to derive meaningful insights or lessons from them.⁽³¹⁾

Integration involves reflecting on what was experienced, felt and thought and finding ways to apply any new understanding to one’s life. This process can lead to personal growth, emotional healing, and a deeper connection with oneself and the world. Additionally, integration can safeguard against potential negative effects post-experience, such as disorientation or detachment from reality. By integrating their experiences, individuals can ground themselves, reduce the risk of psychological distress, and ensure that their psychedelic journey contributes positively to their overall well-being and life perspective.⁽³²⁾

Tips for psychedelic integration:

Reflect and Journal:

Rest and Self-Care:

Discuss with Trusted Individuals:

Mindfulness and Meditation:

Creative Expression:

Educate Yourself:

Join a Community or Group:

Professional Guidance:

Take Your Time:

Remember, everyone’s experience with psychoactive substances is unique, as is the integration process. Be patient and kind to yourself as you go through this journey—safe travels and happy tripping, fellow psychonauts.

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Sources

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